Uterine Sarcomas

The uterus, or womb, is where the fetus develops during pregnancy. Uterine sarcoma is different from uterine cancer. Uterine sarcomas form in the uterine muscle. This type of cancer is much rarer than the more common uterine cancer, which forms in the lining.

What are the symptoms of uterine sarcomas?
Symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, frequent urination, pain or fullness in the abdomen, pain during sexual intercourse and a mass or lump in the vagina.

How are uterine sarcomas diagnosed?
A medical exam and imaging, including ultrasound, and an endometrial biopsy usually can all be done in a gynecologist's office. Sometimes other tests, such as dilation and curettage (a D&C) are done to get a better sample. Other imaging, such as CT and PET scans and MRI, may be done to see if the cancer has spread.

What are the treatments for uterine sarcomas?
Hysterectomy is the primary treatment. The ovaries and fallopian tubes may or may not be removed, depending on several factors. They are more likely to be removed if menopause has already occurred. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy may also be utilized.

What are the risk factors for uterine sarcomas?
Having had pelvic radiation treatment previously and having had a type of eye cancer called retinoblastoma are both risk factors. African-American women are more likely to face uterine sarcoma than are women of other races. Uterine cancer most often occurs after menopause, though it can occur in younger women as well. Obesity and use of hormones to treat menopausal symptoms increase the risk. Women who have never been pregnant are at higher risk than women who have had children.

What are some additional resources for learning about uterine sarcomas?
If you or your loved one is facing uterine sarcoma, CalvertHealth has a whole range of services designed to help you so you never take this journey alone. Please talk to your CalvertHealth provider or your Nurse Navigator, or check the service pages for information about treatments, services and support groups.